中山亿丰行汽车音响改装.三菱独爱改——三菱翼
????·???? ???? ??(?? ??: 広島?長崎原子爆弾投下, ??: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, ???: 日本への原子爆弾投下)? ?2? ?? ??? ??? ?? 1945? ??? ??? ? ?? ????? ????? 8? 6? ?????? ? ?? ????? ????? 8? 9? ?????? ??? ? ?? ????? ?????.
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???? ? ?? ????? ??? 6??? ??? ????? ???? ?? 67?? ???? ??, ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???.
?? 1945? 8? 6? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? "?? ??"(Little boy)? ?????,[1][2] 3? ? 8? 9? "? ?"(Fat man)? ????? ????.[3] ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?2?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????, ??? ????? ??? ?????.[4]
????? ????? ?? 2???? 4?? ?? ??????? 90,000??? 166,000?, ??????? 60,000??? 80,000? ??? ?????[5] ? ? ? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? 60%? ??????, 30%? ?? ????, 10%? ?? ???? ???? ? ? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????.
??? ???? ? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? 15%?? 20%? ????, 20%?? 30%? ??????, 50%?? 60%? ??? ???? ???? ?????[6] ???? ? ???? ?? ??????.[7][8][9]
????? ??? ???? 6?? ?? 8? 15? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? 9? 2? ?? ??[10]? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?2? ????? ??? ???.
?? ??? ?? 5? 7? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? ?? ?? ??? "???? ??? ???, ?? ???, ???? ???"? ?? 3??? ????? ? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??.[11][12]
??
?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????. ?? ??? ??, ???? ???? ?? ? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????,[13][14] ? ????? ??·??????, ?? ??? ????? ??. ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????, ? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ? ???? ???. ????? ???, ?? "?? ??"(Little Boy)?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??, ??? 235? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? 235? ?????. ??? ???? ????? ? ??? 1945? 7? 16? ????? ??????? ?????. ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????(Trinity)? ????? ??? ????? "? ?"(Fat Man)? ???? 239? ??????, ? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????.[15]
??? ??? ??? ??
?????? ??? ??? ? 10?? ?? 7? 26?? ??? ????, ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????. ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? (???)????? ??? ??? ???? ????, (??)??? (??? ???) ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????, ???? ?? ??? ????.(共同聲明はカイロ會談の焼直しと思ふ、政府としては重大な價値あるものとは認めず默殺し、斷乎戰爭完遂に邁進する) ??? ? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ? ? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????,[16] ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????, ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??. ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????.
?? ?? ??
??1945? 5? 11? ?? 10? ?????? ???? (?? ?? ??)?? ?? ???(the Target Committee)??? ??? C. ???(Joyce Clennam Stearns)??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? 3?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????.
- ?? 3??(4.8km) ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ?? ?
- ??? ???? ???? ??? ? ? ?? ?
- 1945? 8??? (???? ?? ?? ?) ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?[17]
?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ????.
- ??? - ??·???? ??·?? ?? ? ?? ??? ??
- ???? - ??? ?? ??·??·?? ?? ?
- ?? - ?? ?? ??
- ???? - ???, ?? ??, ?? ?? ??
- ???(??? ????) - ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ? ?
?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ? ???? ???? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ????. ????? "??? ?? ?? ?? ? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??. ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ?. ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ? ???? ??. ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??."[17] ??? ????.
?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????. "?? ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????. ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????."[17]
2? ???? ??, ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????[18] ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????.
?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? L. ??????. ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???.[19]
?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ? ?? ??? ? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??.[20][21] ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???. ? 1?? ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????. 7? 25? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????. ????? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ??????.[22]
????? ??? ? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????. ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????.[23][24]
????
???? ? ????
???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?? 5?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ? 2 ?? ???? ???. ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????????. ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??, ????, ?? ???? ??? ?? ???. ?? ? ??? 2? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ? ?? ??? ? ???? ??? ???? ?? ? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??????.[25][26]
???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????. ???? ? ????? ????? ????, ? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????????. ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????.
?? ?? ????? ??? 381,000??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????. ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? 340,000??? 350,000?? ?? ??? ????.[5] ??? ?? ??? ???? ???, ??? ??? ?? ???.
??
?????? ?? ??? ??? ? 1?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????. 8? 6?? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????. 393?? ?? ????? ??? B-29 ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?????? 6?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????, ? 509 ???? ? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????. ??? ??? ? ?? ?? B-29 ???? ?? ?? ??? ????, ? ? ? ? ? ?? ?? W. ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ? ?? ??? ?????, ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????.[27]
?????? ??? ? ? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? 2,440 ???? ? ??? ? ?? ??? ???. B-29 ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? 9,855 ?? ???? ??? ????. ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????, ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? 30? ?? ?? ??? ????.[28]
?? ??? ?? ? ?? ?, ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ? ????. ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???. ?? 8? ??, ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????. ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???. ?? ??? ????? ??? B-29 ????? ??? ? ???? ????? ??? ????. ??? ?? ?? 7? 31?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? 9,800 ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????. ?? 8? 9? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????.[30]
60 ????? ??? 235? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? 08? 15?? ????. ?? ??? ?? 9,470 ?? ???? 43? ?? ??? ?? ? 580?? ???? ????.[31]B-29 ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? 11.5 ??(? 18.5 ????)? ????.[32]
?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? 240 ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????.[33] ????? TNT 13???? ???? ??? ?????,[34] ?? 1.6 ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? 11 ??????? ???? ??? ????.[35]??? ??? 12 ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????, ??? ????? 69%? ???? ????? ??? ??? 31%? ??? ? 6~7%? ??? ???? ????.[36]
????? ?? ? 70,000??? 80,000 ?, ? 30%[37] ? ?? ?? ?? ? ???? ?????? 70,000??? ?????.[38] ?? ??? 90%? ???? 93%? ???? ????? ???. ??? ???? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ???.[39]
?? ? ??
???? NHK? ???? NHK? ??? ????? ???? ??, ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????.[40] ? 20? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???. ?????? 16???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????, ? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ????.
?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ???? ??? ????. ?? ??? 3?? ???? ??? ? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????. ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????. ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???.
???? ???? ????? ???. 3?? ? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ? 160???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????. ???? ? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????. ?? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ????.
1945? 8? 8? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???. ?? ??? ??? ????. “??, ??, ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ??????."[41]
???
???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? 70,000???? ???.[42] ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ? ??? ??? 1945? ? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ???? 90,000??? 166,000????.[5][43] ??? 1950??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ? ??? ??? ????? ??? ? 200,000?? ?? ???? ????.[1][7][44] ? ? ??? ???? 3??? ???.[45] ? ?? ??? ??? 1950??? 1990??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? 9%? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????.[46]
?? ??? ???
????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????, ?????? ?? ???? ???? ? ??? ? ??? ???? ???? ???. ??? ??? ???(野村 英三)? ???? ???? 170?? ??? ?? ???? ??(??? ??? ???? ??) ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??.[47][48] ?? ???? ???? 300?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???(高蔵 信子)? ???? ??? ? ? ???.[49] ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ????? ? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????. ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? 150?? ??? ?? ???. ?? ? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? 1996? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????.[50] ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????.[51][52][53]
????
???? ? ????? ??
???????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ? ????? ?2? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???, ??, ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????.
????? ???? ?? ?2? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???. ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????. ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???.
????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? 1945? 8? 1? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????. ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????, ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? 6?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ? ? ? ?? ????? ???. ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ? ?????? ? ??? ??????? ? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????. ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???.
???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???. ?? ? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????.
??
??1945? 8? 9? ?? ?? ?? 393?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? B-29 ???? ? ?? ???? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???. ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????. ? ?? B-29? ? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???. ??? ??? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????.[54]
?? ??? ???? ???? ???, ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????. ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ? ?? B-29 ? ???? ???? ??? I. ??? ??? ? ??? ????. ???? ?? B-29? ? ??? ?? 40?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? 30??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????.[54]
30? ? B-29? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? 70%? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??. ?? ??? 3? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???.[54] ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????. ?? ??? ?? ?????? ? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ? ? ?, ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????.[55]
?? ?? ?? 07? 50? ?, ????? ????? ???? 08? 30?? ??? ?? ????. 10? 53?, ? ?? B-29? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???.
?? ? 11? 00?, B-29 ???? ????? ???? ???? C. ? ??? ? ?? ???? ?????, ? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????. ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????. ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????, ? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????.[56] 1949? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????.[57]
11? 01?, ??????? ??? 1?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????. ? 6.4 ????? ???? 239? ?? ? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????. ? ?? 43? ? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??, ????? ??? ?? ????-???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? 439 ???? ????. ?? ?????? ????? ?? 3???? ??? ??? ??? ???. ??? ???? ???? ??? ? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???.[58] ? ?? TNT 21 ???? ???? ??? ?????,[59] ???? 91?? ??? ???? ????-???? ?? ????? ????.[60] ????? ? 1-2 ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? 3???? ???.[61][62] ?????? ???? ?? 3,900?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? 1005 km/h? ????.
???
??? ?? ??? ?? 40,000??? 75,000?? ??? ??? ?????,[63][64][65] 1945? ??? ? 80,000? ?? ??? ??? ????.[5] ?? ?? 8??? ?? 13?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????, ? ??? ????.
- ?? ?? ?? ? ?[66][67][68][69][70]
- ???? ?? ?? ?? ?(? ? ? ?? ??? ????)[71]
- ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??[72]
???
?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ? ????? ????.[73][74] ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? ?????(Joe Kieyoomia)? ????? ?????? ??.[75] 1963? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??.[76]
?? ?? ?? ??
??????? ???? ?? ?? ? ??? ? ? 8? ?? ?? ? ?, 9?? 10?? ?? ? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???.[77] ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? 8? 10? ?? ???? ?? ???? ‘?? ??? 8? 17? ?? 18? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???????’?? ??? ??. ??? ? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ‘???? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?’??? ??? ???.[77] ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????.[77] ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????.
??? ??? ????? ? 15?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ???? ??? 3???. ?? 1?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ? 2?? ???.
??? ??
??? ?? ??? 8? 9??? ???? ? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????. 8? 8? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?-? ??? ??? ??, ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? “??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????”? ??? ???. ??, ???? ?? ????? 1945? 9?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???. ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? “??? ??? ?? ? ? ?? ???? ???? ? ?”??? ???.[78] 8? 12? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ? 14? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????. ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ? ??????. ??? ?? 4?? ?? ??? ????? ????, 2? 7? ?? ????? ????. ?? 9?? ???(??, ??, ????, ??)? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???.
??? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ? ????? ?? ????.
??.
- ??, 2? ?? ?? ? 5? ?? ??? 6.25 ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????. ??? ?? S. ???? ??? ?? ??? 2? ?? ??? ????? 3? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???. ??? "????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ? ???????"?? ??? ?3?? ???? ?????, ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ? ?? ??? ????? ?????.
- ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? <????? ????>? ??. ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??(??? ??????? ????? ??? ???)?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??. ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? BBC ?????? ??. ?? '?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ????'? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ??. ???? ??, ?? ? ?3?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??.
- ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???. ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???. ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? 九?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????. ?? ?3? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? 九?? ????, ?? ??? ????? ???. ??? 九?? ????? ??? ???, ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????. ?3? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????. ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????, ??? ????? ? ?? ? ????.
"(??)…?? ???, ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???, ? ???? ??? ? ? ?? ??? ??. ???? ? ?? ??? ???? ??, ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???, ??? ?? ?? ????? ???. ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???, ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ? ????. ???, ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????. ??, ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??(盟友)?? ???, ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ??.
????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ??
??????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ??
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??- Jones, Vincent (1985). 《Manhattan: The Army and the Atomic Bomb》. The United States Army in World War II: Special Studies. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. OCLC 10913875.
- Wellerstein, Alex (2020). 〈The Kyoto Misconception: What Truman Knew, and Didn't Know, About Hiroshima〉. Gordin, Michael D.; Ikenberry, G. John. 《The Age of Hiroshima》 (PDF). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 34–55, 317–321?. ISBN 978-0-691-19344-1. OCLC 1099689341. 2023? 7? 26?? ???.
??
??- ↑ ? ? Rezelman, David; Gosling, F.G.; Fehner, Terrence R. (2000). “The atomic bombing of hiroshima”. 《The Manhattan Project: An Interactive History》. U.S. Department of Energy. 2010? 6? 24?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2007? 9? 18?? ???. page on Hiroshima casualties.
- ↑ Adams, S. & Crawford, A.. 2000. World War II. First edition. Printed in association with the Imperial War Museum. Eyewitness Books series. New York, Doring Kindersley Limited.
- ↑ Hakim, Joy (1995). 《A History of Us: War, Peace and all that Jazz》. New York: ???? ??? ???. ISBN 0-19-509514-6.
- ↑ “World War 2”. World-war-2.info. 2010? 11? 4?? ???.
- ↑ ? ? ? ? “Frequently Asked Questions #1”. Radiation Effects Research Foundation. 2007? 9? 19?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2007? 9? 18?? ???.
- ↑ Harry S. Truman Library & Museum. U. S. Strategic Bombing Survey: The Effects of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, June 19, 1946. President's Secretary's File, Truman Papers. 2. Hiroshima. ??? 2025-08-07 - ??? ??, page 22 of 51.
- ↑ ? ? 《The Spirit of Hiroshima: An Introduction to the Atomic Bomb Tragedy》. Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum. 1999.
- ↑ Mikiso Hane (2001). 《Modern Japan: A Historical Survey》. Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-3756-9.
- ↑ Trinity and Beyond: The atomic bomb movie. Dir. Kuran, P., Nar. Shatner, W.. 1997. VHS. Goldhil Video, 1997.
- ↑ ??? <????> [??? ????/9?2?] ??? ??·日???? ?? ??? 2025-08-07 - ??? ??, 《????》, 2005? 9? 1? ??, 2011? 5? 17? ??.
- ↑ Koizumi, Junichiro (2005? 8? 6?). “Address by Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi at the Hiroshima Memorial Service for the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Ceremony”. Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet. 2007? 11? 28?? ???.
- ↑ The Collins Encyclopedia of Military History, Dupuy & Dupuy, BCA 1994, page 1308
- ↑ Roosevelt, Frankin D; Churchill, Winston (1943? 8? 19?). “Quebec Agreement”. atomicarchive.com.
- ↑ Edwards, Gordon. “Canada's Role in the Atomic Bomb Programs of the United States, Britain, France and India”. Canadian Coalition for Nuclear Responsibility. 2007? 12? 4?? ???.
- ↑ Gosling, F.G. (1999). “The Manhattan Project: Making the Atomic Bomb” (PDF). United States Department of Energy. 2009? 2? 24?? ?? ?? (PDF)?? ??? ??. 2007? 12? 4?? ???.
- ↑ 鈴木貫太郎伝記編纂委員会. 《鈴木貫太郎伝》.
- ↑ ? ? ? “Atomic Bomb: Decision—Target Committee, May 10–11, 1945”. 2005? 8? 6?? ???.
- ↑ “A-bomb targets/decision-making record (1945)”. Dannen.com. 2009? 3? 25?? ???.
- ↑ Reischauer, Edwin. (1986). My Life Between Japan And America, p. 101.
- ↑ Wellerstein 2020, 319–321?.
- ↑ Wellerstein, Alex. “Henry Stimson didn't go to Kyoto on his honeymoon”. 《Restricted Data: The Nuclear Secrecy Blog》. 2023? 7? 25?? ???.
- ↑ Jones 1985, 530?.
- ↑ ???, "???? ???(2005)"
- ↑ ???, "???(2002)"
- ↑ ??? ???? (1999). 《Rain of Ruin》. Washington: Potomac Books. 41?. ISBN 9781574882216.
- ↑ ?? ????? (2008). 《Nemesis: The Battle for Japan, 1944-45》. HarperCollins. 509?. ISBN 9780007219810.
- ↑ “Timeline #2- the 509th; The Hiroshima Mission”. Children of the Manhattan Project. 2006? 10? 9?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2006? 7? 26?? ???.
- ↑ “Timeline #2- the 509th; The Hiroshima Mission”. The Atomic Heritage Foundation. 2013? 5? 1?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2007? 5? 5?? ???.
- ↑ “Radiation Event Medical Management. ''Thermal Skin Burns: Example after Nuclear Blast''”. Remm.nlm.gov. 2017? 11? 3?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2009? 3? 25?? ???.
- ↑ Louis Allen (1969). 《The Nuclear Raids Article - History of the Second World War》. Purnell.
- ↑ John L.Pimlot(Consultant editor) (1989). 《The Apocalypse Bomb - The World at Arms》. ??? ?????.
- ↑ “The Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima, Aug 6, 1945”. www.cfo.doe.gov. 2010? 6? 24?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2010? 1? 25?? ???.
- ↑ Enola Gay, ISBN 0-671-81499-0, page 309
- ↑ “The Bomb-"Little Boy"”. The Atomic Heritage Foundation. 2021? 4? 17?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2007? 5? 5?? ???.
- ↑ “RADIATION DOSE RECONSTRUCTION U.S. OCCUPATION FORCES IN HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI, JAPAN, 1945-1946 (DNA 5512F)” (PDF). 2006? 6? 24?? ?? ?? (PDF)?? ??? ??. 2006? 6? 9?? ???.
- ↑ Harry S. Truman Library & Museum. U. S. Strategic Bombing Survey: The Effects of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, June 19, 1946. President's Secretary's File, Truman Papers. 2. Hiroshima. ??? 2025-08-07 - ??? ??, page 14 of 51. Retrieved on March 15, 2009.
- ↑ Harry S. Truman Library & Museum. U. S. Strategic Bombing Survey: The Effects of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, June 19, 1946. President's Secretary's File, Truman Papers. 2. Hiroshima. ??? 2025-08-07 - ??? ??, page 11 of 51. Retrieved on March 15, 2009.
- ↑ Harry S. Truman Library & Museum. U. S. Strategic Bombing Survey: The Effects of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, June 19, 1946. President's Secretary's File, Truman Papers. Effort and Results. ??? 2025-08-07 - ??? ??, page 42 of 51. Retrieved on March 15, 2009.
- ↑ Harry S. Truman Library & Museum. U. S. Strategic Bombing Survey: The Effects of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, June 19, 1946. President's Secretary's File, Truman Papers. 2. Hiroshima. ??? 2025-08-07 - ??? ??, page 12 of 51. Retrieved on March 15, 2009.
- ↑ “No High Ground by Knebel et al. p175 to p201” (PDF). 2009? 3? 26?? ?? ?? (PDF)?? ??? ??. 2007? 4? 30?? ???.
- ↑ “Fulton Sun Retrospective”. 2007? 7? 8?? ???. [?? ??]
- ↑ U.S. Department of Energy. Office of History & Heritage Resources. The Manhattan Project: An Interactive History. The Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima, August 6, 1945. ??? 2025-08-07 - ??? ?? Retrieved on January 8, 2010.
- ↑ “Chapter II: The Effects of the Atomic Bombings”. 《United States Strategic Bombing Survey》. Originally by U.S. G.P.O.; stored on ibiblio.org. 1946. 2007? 9? 18?? ???.
- ↑ Another review and analysis of the various death toll estimates is in: Richard B. Frank (2001). 《Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire》. Penguin Publishing. ISBN 0-679-41424-X.
- ↑ ???, ???? ??, ????
- ↑ “Frequently Asked Questions #2”. Radiation Effects Research Foundation. 2010? 11? 28?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2010? 12? 15?? ???.
- ↑ “Special Exhibit 3”. Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum. 2018? 4? 19?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2010? 8? 30?? ???.
- ↑ Kato, Toru (1999? 6? 4?). “A Short-Sighted Parrot”. Geocities.jp. 2009? 3? 9?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2009? 3? 25?? ???.
- ↑ “Testimony of Akiko Takakura”. 2007? 4? 30?? ???.
- ↑ “unesco.org”. 2005? 8? 6?? ???.
- ↑ “(原爆死没者慰霊碑)碑文趣旨?説明板”. Yutaka901.fc2web.com. 2010? 11? 4?? ???.
- ↑ “原爆慰霊碑碑文論争”. Homepage.mac.com. 2003? 9? 7?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2010? 11? 4?? ???.
- ↑ “原爆碑損壊事件声明文”. 2005? 12? 23?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2010? 12? 15?? ???.
- ↑ ? ? ? “Timeline #3- the 509th; The Nagasaki Mission”. The Atomic Heritage Foundation. 2012? 2? 11?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2007? 5? 5?? ???.
- ↑ “Spitzer Personal Diary Page 25 (CGP-ASPI-025)”. The Atomic Heritage Foundation. 2007? 5? 5?? ???.
- ↑ Lillian Hoddeson, et al., Critical Assembly: A Technical History of Los Alamos During the Oppenheimer Years, 1943-1945 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993), on 295.
- ↑ “Stories from Riken” (PDF). 2012? 6? 10?? ?? ?? (PDF)?? ??? ??. 2007? 4? 30?? ???.
- ↑ Dennis D. Wainstock (1996). 《The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb》. Praeger. 92?. ISBN 0275954757.
- ↑ “''The Atomic Bomb''”. Pbs.org. 2020? 12? 11?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2010? 11? 4?? ???.
- ↑ Cook, Haruko & Theadore (1992). 《Japan at War: An Oral History》. New York, New York: The New Press. ISBN 0732256054.
- ↑ “Radiation Dose Reconstruction; U.S. Occupation Forces in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, 1945-1946 (DNA 5512F)” (PDF). 2006? 6? 24?? ?? ?? (PDF)?? ??? ??. 2006? 6? 9?? ???.
- ↑ “Nagasaki marks tragic anniversary”. 《People's Daily》. 2005? 8? 10?. 2007? 4? 14?? ???.
- ↑ Rinjiro Sodei. Were We the Enemy?: American Survivors of Hiroshima. Boulder: Westview Press, 1998, ix.
- ↑ Rezelman, David; Gosling, F.G.; Fehner, Terrence R. (2000). “The atomic bombing of nagasaki”. 《The Manhattan Project: An Interactive History》. U.S. Department of Energy. 2006? 9? 29?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2007? 9? 18?? ???.
- ↑ “Nagasaki's Mayor Slams U.S. for Nuke Arsenal”. 《Fox News》. Associated Press. 2005? 8? 9?. 2007? 11? 1?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2007? 9? 18?? ???.
- ↑ “Nagasaki memorial adds British POW as A-bomb victim”. 《The Japan Times》. 1945? 8? 9?. 2009? 1? 9?? ???.
- ↑ [1] This reference also lists at least three other POWS who died on 9-8-1945
- ↑ “CWGC :: Casualty Details”. Cwgc.org. 2009? 1? 9?? ???.
- ↑ “CWGC :: Casualty Details”. Cwgc.org. 2009? 1? 9?? ???.
- ↑ [2] does not tell if these were Nagasaki casualties
- ↑ “Two Dutch POWs join Nagasaki bomb victim list”. 《The Japan Times》. 1945? 8? 9?. 2005? 12? 20?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2009? 1? 9?? ???.
- ↑ It Gave Him Life—It Took It, Too ??? 2025-08-07 - ??? ?? United States Merchant Marine.org website
- ↑ “'I saw both of the bombs and lived'”. 《Observer/???》 (London). 2005? 7? 24?. 2007? 4? 14?? ???.
- ↑ ??? ??? (1957). 《Nine Who Survived Hiroshima and Nagasaki》. Tokyo, Japan: Tuttle Publishing.
- ↑ "How Effective Was Navajo Code? One Former Captive Knows", News from Indian Country, August 1997.
- ↑ “小倉にある平和記念碑と長崎の鐘”. Blog.goo.ne.jp. 2008? 10? 3?. 2010? 11? 4?? ???.
- ↑ ? ? ? General Hull Colone Seazen (1945? 8? 13?). “The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II, A Collection of Primary Sources,” (PDF). 《National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 162》. ?? ??? ???.
- ↑ Kido Koichi nikki,Tokyo, Daigaku Shuppankai, 1966, p.1223
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