中办国办印发《关于提高技术工人待遇的意见》－工会新闻－工会新闻频道－中工网
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| ?? ?? | Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord |
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???? ??? 1992? ??????? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ???? 1992? 10? 9? ?? ??????? ?? ?816?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????, ??? 1993? 4? 12? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????. 1993? 6??? 1996? 10??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????. 1994? 2? 28?, ??? ???? ????? ??? 4?? ???? ? ?? ??? ???.[9]
1994? 4? 10?? 11?, ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???, ??? ??? ?? ?? F-16 ??? 2?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????.[9] ?? ?? ???? ????? 4? 14? ?? ?? 150?? ??? ???.[10][11] 4? 16?, ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????.[12]
1995? 8?, ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????. .[13] ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????, 1995? 11? ??? ??? ?????.[13] ? ??? ????, ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? IFOR?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????. ? 60,000?? ???? ? ?? ?? ??? ? ?? ????? ? ??? ????. ? ??? ???? SFOR? ??????, ???? 32,000?? ???? ???? 1996? 12??? 2004? 12??? ?????.[14] ???? ??? ??, ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????.[15]
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1998? 9? 23? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ??? KLA ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? 1199?? ?????. 1999? 3? 23? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????,[16] ?? ? ??? ??? ?? 1999? 3? 24? 78??? ?? ??? ????.[17] ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???. ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ? ??? ACE ????(??)? ?????(AFOR)?? ????? ????? ??.[18]
?? ? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????, 1999? 6? 3?, ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????. 6? 11?, ???? ?????? ?? ??? 1244?? ????. ?? ?? 100? ?? ??? ???? ????, ?? KFOR? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????.[18][19] 2001? 8??? 9???, ? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????.[20] 2013? 12? 1??? 31??? ???? 4,882?? KFOR ???? ? ???? ?? ???? ??.
??, ??, ??? ???? ?? ???? 1999? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????, ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????.[21] ??? ?? ?? "??? ??? ??? ???? ???, ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???, ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ? ??" ? ????. ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? 1999? 4? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????.
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2003? 4? 16?, ??? 42??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???(ISAF)? ????? ????. ? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???(ISAF)? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????, ?? ?? 19? ??? ????? ????. 8? 11?, ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????.
?? ?? ???(ISAF)? ?? ???, ????, ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???. 2003? 10?, ?? ???????? ?? ?? ???(ISAF)? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????,?? ?? ???(ISAF)? ?? 4?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????.
2006? 7? 31?, ?? ?? ???(ISAF)? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???.[23] ????? ??? ????? 2011? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? 2000 ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????.[24] 2012? ??? ???? ??? 2014? 12? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???(ISAF)? ???? ??? ????.[25] 2014? 12?, ?? ?? ???(ISAF)? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????.[26]
2021? 4? 14?, ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? 5? 1??? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???.[27] ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???.[28] 2021? 8? 15?, ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????.[29] ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ????? ????.[30][31]
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??2004? 8?, ??? ?? ??, ??? ??? ??? ??? ????(MNF-I)? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????.[32] ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????(NTM-I)? ?? ??????? ?? 1546?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ????(NTM-I)? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ????. ??? ????(NTM-I)? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????. ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????. ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ? ??? ?? ?????. ? ??? 2011? 12? 17? ????? ?????.[33]
????? 2003? ??? ??? ??? ? ???? ?? 4?? ?? ? ??? ????. ??? 2012? ??? ?? ???? ? ??? ? ??? ????, ??? ???? F-4 ???? ??? ?, ????? ????? ?? ???? ????,[34] 2015??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ? ??? ????.[35]
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2009? 8? 17??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????, ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????. ? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????, ?? ???? ? ???? ?????. ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ???. ???, ??, ??? ? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???.? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????.
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2011? 3? 20?, ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????.[36][37] ??? "?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????, ????, ????? ?????."?? ???.[36]
3? 24?, ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????, ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???.[38][39] ??? 2011? 3? 27? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????.[40] 6??? 28? ??? ? 8? ????? ?? ??? ?????[41] ?? ? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ? ????? ???, ???, ????, ????, ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??.[42] 6? 10? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????. ?? ???? "??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??"? ??? ???? ? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????.
??? 9??? ???? ??, ????? 6? 10? ??? ??? ???? 8? 1??? ??? ??? ???? ????. ? ? ? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???.[43] ? ?? ?, ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???.[44] 2011? 10?, ???? ? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ? 9,500?? ??? ????.[45][46] 2012? 5? ????????? ???? ??? ??? 72?? ???? ? ???? ????? ??.[47]
2013? 10? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????.[48]
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?????? ????? ?????(PII)? ?? 2014? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????. ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ??.[52]
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???? ???? ?? ????(IPCP)? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????(IPAP)? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ????. 2? ??? ???? ? ????? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ? ??? ???? ??. IPAP? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????, ? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????.[53]
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????? ??(MD)? ??? ??? ??? ?????, ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????.[54]
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?????? ?? ?????(ICI)? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????.[55]
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? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????.??? ?? ????(PfP) ????? 1994?? ?????? ? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??.[57] ?? ???? ??????? ?? ? ??? ?? ???? ????.[58] ??-??? ???? ???(EAPC)? 1997? 5? 29?? ?? ??????, 50?? ???? ?? ???? ??, ??, ??? ?? ????[59] ??? ?? ????(PfP) ????? ??-??? ????? ?? ??? ????.[57] ??????? ?? ?3??? ??? ?? ????(PfP) ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???.[60]
?? ??? 2002? 12? 16? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????. ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??, ??? "???????"? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ????.[62] ?? ??, 1982? ??? ??? 42? 7?? "???? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??, ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??"? ???? ??. ? ??? ? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?6?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????. ?? ??? ?? ????(PfP) ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? "?? ??"? ????.
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???? ??? ??? 1990?? ?????, ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????.[67] 1998? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????. ???? ?? ?? 2000? ???? "?? ??"?? ??? ?????. 2012??? ??? "? ?? ???" ?? "??? ???"?? ???? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???.[68][69] ?? ??? ???????? ????? AUSCANNZUKUS ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??. ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???????, ????, ??, ??? ??? ?????? "??? ??"? ??? ??? ??? ???.[70] ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ??. ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???.[71]
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??? ?? ???? ?????? 1? ???? ???? ??. ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? 2003?? ???? ??? ??? ??.[73] ??? ?? ????? ????? 2008? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????,[74] 2014? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???.[75]2018? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????.[76] 2019? 2?, ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? 2020? 3? 27?? ?? ???? ???.[77][78]
?????? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????, ??? ?? ??? 2014? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? '?????' ??? ?? ? ????. ?????? ?? ? ???? 8?? ? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????.[79] ?? ???? ?? ????(IPAP)? 2002?? ??????, ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??. 2019? 2? 21?, ????? ??? ?????, ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???, 3? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??.[80] ?? ???? 2021? 6? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????(MAP)? ???? ? ???, ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? 2008? ????? ?????? ????.[81] 2021? 11? 30? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??, ?? ??? ??? ????, ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? "????", ? ? ??? ? ???? ???.[82][83][84] ?? ???? ? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? "??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?"??? ?? ??? ????,[85] ?? ?????? ?? ????? "?????? ?? ??? 30???? ?? ?? ??? ???. ???? ???? ??, ???? ???, ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??."? ???.[86][87]
???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????.[88] ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????,[89] ?? ????? ??? ???.[90] 2016? 6? ??? ????? ??? ????? 68%? ?? 3?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????.[91] ?? 2017? ? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? 65%? ???? "?? ??"?? ?????,[92] ?? ?? ????? ????? 31% ?? "?? ??"??? ???. 2018? ??? ????? 67%? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????.[93] 2016? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????(CIS) ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ? ???.[94] 2006? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????.[95]
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??1989? ?? ??? ??? ??, ??, ??, ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????. 1990? 10?, ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???, 1990? 11? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??(CFE)? ????. 1991? 2?, ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? 12? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????.[97] ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????. ?? ??? ??? ?? ??(CFE)? ????? ?? 16? ?? 52,000?? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ?????,[98] 1990??? 2015??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? 28% ??? ? ??? ????.[99]
?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? 2014? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???.[100][101][102] ????? 2024??? ?????(GDP)? ?? 2%? ???, ?? ??? 20%? ?? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????.[103]
??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??, ???? ???, ?? ???? ????, ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??.[104][105] 2020? 18? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? 20% ???? ??? ????. 2021? 8? ???? ???? ?? ?????(GDP) ??? 2% ??? ????.[106] ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????.
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??2022? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???, ??, ???? ???, ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?4?? ????.[110][111][112]2022? 3?, ?? ???? ????? G7, ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???.[113] ?? ????? ????, ???, ????, ?????? 4? ???? ??? ????? ?????,[109] ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????.[114]
2022? 6?, ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? 2500km ??? ?? ??? ?? 40,000?? ??? ????. ? ? ?? ??? ????, ????, ???, ?????, ???? ??????, ? 5??? 259,000?? ? ?? ??? ????. ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???, ????? F-35 ???? II ??? 8?? ????, ???? ??? ???? ? ??? ????.[115]
2022? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ???. 2022? 3? 30?, ??? ?????? ??? ??? 61%? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????. 4? 1? ????? ??? ??? ??? ? 51%? ?? ??? ??? ?? 27%? ????.[116][117] 4? ??, ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????, ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????.[118][119]? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??, ???, ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???.[120]
2022? 5? 15?, ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??(5? 17? ?? ?? ??, ??? 188,??? 8)?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????.[121][122] ??? ?? ????? ????? 5? 17?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????,[123] ???? ???? 5? 18?? ???? ?? ??? ????.[124] ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????(PKK)? ??????(YPG)? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????. 2022? 6? 28?, ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????.[125][126] 2022? 6? 28? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????, 2022? 7? 5? 30?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????.[127] ???? 2023? 4? 4?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????,[128] ???? 2024? 3? 7?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???.
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- ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? 3? ??? ??? ??.[130] ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????, ?? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ???, ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????.[131] ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????.[132][133]
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- ?????(MC)? ?? ???? ??????(CHOD)?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???????(NAC)? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ????. ??????(CHOD)? ?? 2? ?? 3? ?? ???? ???? ??. ???? ????? ?????? ??? ? ?? ????, ? ? ??? ???? ?? ?? ? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??. ?????(MC)? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????. ???? 1966? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?????(MC)? 2008??? ???? ????. ???? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???, ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????.[134] ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ????.[135] ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???.
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- 2014? 7? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???(NSO)? ???.[139]
?? ??(NATO PA)? ?? 2?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???. ?? ??(NATO PA)? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????. ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? 13?? ????? ???? ??. ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????, ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??.
?? ????? ?? ??
????? 31? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???. ??? ??? ??, ?? ??, ??? ???, ?? ??? ??? ??? ??. ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????. ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???, ??? ??? ???, ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ??.[140] ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???(UCMJ)?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??. ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??.[141]
?? ???? ????(OPLAN), ????(OPORDER), ????, ????(FRAGO) ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ? ??. ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??, ?????? ?? ???? ??. ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????. ?? ??? ?? ??? ????, ???? ?? ?? ??? ??, ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????, ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???.
??????(CDS)? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? '???? ???'? ????. ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???.
??
??2020? ??, ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???. ?? ?? 16? ???? ?? 53%? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???, ???? ??? ?? ??? 27%? ????. ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????, ?? ? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?5?? ??? ???? ?? ????.
??? ? ??? ?? ????? ??? 82%? ???? 21%? ??? ??? ? ???, ??? ??? ?? 52%? 57%? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??. ??? ?? ?? ? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??(?? 63%? 53%) ??? ???? 16%?? ????? ?? ??.[142]
?? ??
???? ??
??- ??? (AUKUS) (???????, ??, ??)
- ??? ?? ?? ?? (ANZUS) (???????, ????, ?? ?? ?? ??)
- ?? ?? ?? ?? (CSTO)
- 5?? ?? ?? (FPDA)
- ????????
- ??? ??? ?? ?? (IMCTC)
- ?? ?? ?? (METO)
- ????? ?? ?? (NEATO)
- ??? ?? ?? (SCO)
- ???? ?? ?? ?? (ZPCAS)
- ????? ?? ?? (SEATO)
??
??- ↑ "??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??". Final Communiqué following the meeting of the North Atlantic Council on 17 September 1949 ??? 6 12? 2006 - ??? ??. "... the English and French texts [of the Treaty] are equally authentic ..." The North Atlantic Treaty, Article 14 ??? 14 9? 2011 - ??? ??
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|??=?(?) ??? ??? (???) - ↑ UN Document A/54/549, Report of the Secretary-General pursuant to General Assembly resolution 53/35: The fall of Srebrenica, un.org, ??? 12 9? 2009 - ??? ??, accessed 25 April 2015.
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