从修建水柜、打井找水到生态护水——桂西北正告别“水贫困”

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Milwaukee
???; Milwaukee
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	??? class=notpageimage\| ?? 43° 3′ 0″ ?? 87° 57′ 0″? / ??? 43.05000° ?? 87.95000°
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??	1846? 1? 31
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??	250.75 km2
??	188 m
???	PST: UTC-06:00 ; PDT(???????): UTC-05:00
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??	594,511?(2018?)
?? ??
????	53172, 53201–53216, 53218–53228, 53233–53234, 53237, 53259, 53263, 53267–53268, 53274, 53278, 53288, 53290, 53293, 53295
????	414
????	city.milwaukee.gov/

百度 “平民的作家儿子”—他曾经被丹麦人亲切地这样称呼。

???(??: Milwaukee)? ?? ??????? ?? ? ????. 2024? ???? 577,385??? ????? 31??? ??? ?? ????. ??? ?? ?? ?????, ????? ??? ??? ?????. 1,574,731?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??·??? ?????. ??? ???, ???? ??. ??·????·???? ?? ????, ??? ???? ??? ??.^[1]

??

??? ??
????	??	Note	%±
1840?	1,700		—
1850?	20,061		1,080.1%
1860?	45,246		125.5%
1870?	71,440		57.9%
1880?	115,587		61.8%
1890?	204,468		76.9%
1900?	285,315		39.5%
1910?	373,857		31.0%
1920?	457,147		22.3%
1930?	578,249		26.5%
1940?	587,472		1.6%
1950?	637,392		8.5%
1960?	741,324		16.3%
1970?	717,099		?3.3%
1980?	636,212		?11.3%
1990?	628,088		?1.3%
2000?	596,974		?5.0%
2010?	594,833		?0.4%
2019 (??)	590,157	^[2]	?0.8%
U.S. Decennial Census^[3] 2018 Estimate^[4]

??? ???? ??, ?? ???, ??, ????, ???? ?? ???? ?? ??. ????? ???? ? ??? 40% ??? ????.

??

??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????. ?? ???, ??, ?? ?? ??? ??? ???. ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??.

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??? ??

????? ???? ??? ??, ?????, ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???. 1674? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???, ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ? ??? ???? ?????. ?? ??? ?? ??? 1795? ??? ???? ???, 1818? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????. 1833? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????.

1830?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?, ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ???? ???. ??????? ??? ?? H. ??? ???? ? ?? ??? ?????. 1830?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????, 1846??? ??????, ??? ??? ? ??? ???. 1847??? ???? ??? ? 12,000????.

1840?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????. ? ? ????? ??, ????, ??? ???? ??????, ??? ??, ??, ??? ??? ??? ??? ???.

??? ??

1850??? 1860?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????. ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?1? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???.

1870? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???. ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? 1890? ?? 200,000? ???? ????.

1900??

?? ??? 1800?? ??? 1900??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????. ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???. ??, ??? ??? ??, ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???.

1910? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????. ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ? ????. ?? ????? ??? - ??? W. ?(1916~40)? ??? P. ????(1948~60)? ???? ???.

1900?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????. 1950?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????. ? ??? 1959? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????. 1960??? ???? ??? 741,324??? ?????.

1968? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??, ??, ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????. ? ??? 1977?? ???, 1980?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????. ? ????? 1982?? ??????, ?? ???? ???, ??? ???? ??, ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????.

1970??? 1980???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????. ???? ??? 1990? 628,088??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????.

?? ??

2000? ?? ???? ??? 596,974??? ??????, ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????.

2000?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ????? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????.

??

???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???. ?? ??? ?? 7???, 1?? ?? ?? ???. ?? ?? ??? 1995? 7? 17?? 41 °C??, ?? ?? ??? 1982? 1? 17?, 1996? 2? 4?? -32 °C??.

??? (?? ????)? ??
?	1?	2?	3?	4?	5?	6?	7?	8?	9?	10?	11?	12?	??
?? ?? ?? °C (°F)	17 (63)	22 (71)	29 (84)	33 (91)	35 (95)	40 (104)	41 (105)	39 (103)	37 (99)	32 (89)	25 (77)	20 (68)	41 (105)
??? ?? ?? °C (°F)	?0.6 (30.9)	1.2 (34.2)	6.8 (44.2)	12.6 (54.7)	19.2 (66.5)	24.9 (76.8)	27.7 (81.9)	26.8 (80.3)	23.1 (73.5)	16.3 (61.3)	8.8 (47.8)	2.3 (36.1)	14.1 (57.3)
?? ?? ?? °C (°F)	?4.4 (24.0)	?2.7 (27.1)	2.4 (36.4)	7.9 (46.3)	13.9 (57.1)	19.8 (67.6)	22.9 (73.3)	22.4 (72.3)	18.3 (65.0)	11.7 (53.0)	4.7 (40.4)	?1.4 (29.5)	9.6 (49.3)
??? ?? ?? °C (°F)	?8.2 (17.2)	?6.7 (20.0)	?1.8 (28.7)	3.2 (37.8)	8.8 (47.8)	14.7 (58.4)	18.2 (64.7)	17.9 (64.2)	13.6 (56.4)	7.1 (44.7)	0.6 (33.1)	?5.0 (23.0)	5.2 (41.3)
?? ?? ?? °C (°F)	?32 (?26)	?32 (?26)	?23 (?10)	?11 (12)	?6 (21)	1 (33)	4 (40)	6 (42)	?2 (28)	?9 (15)	?26 (?14)	?30 (?22)	?32 (?26)
?? ??? mm (??)	45 (1.79)	43 (1.69)	56 (2.20)	98 (3.86)	90 (3.54)	111 (4.38)	86 (3.40)	93 (3.65)	80 (3.16)	71 (2.78)	57 (2.24)	48 (1.88)	878 (34.57)
?? ??? cm (??)	38 (14.9)	30 (11.8)	17 (6.7)	5.3 (2.1)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.76 (0.3)	6.4 (2.5)	26 (10.4)	124 (48.7)
?? ???? (≥ 0.01 ??)	11.4	10.0	10.7	12.2	11.7	11.1	9.5	9.5	8.6	10.3	10.2	10.3	125.5
?? ???? (≥ 0.1 ??)	10.0	8.1	5.0	1.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	2.6	7.3	35.1
?? ?? ?? (%)	72.3	71.9	71.4	68.5	68.5	69.7	71.5	74.9	75.4	72.5	74.5	75.9	72.3
?? ?? ????	140.2	151.5	185.4	213.5	275.5	304.5	321.1	281.2	215.1	178.0	112.8	104.8	2,483.6
?? ???	48	51	50	53	61	66	69	65	57	52	38	37	56
??: ?? ????? (???: 1991?~2020?, ??: 1871?~??, ????/??: 1961?~1990?)^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

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???? ???? 2007?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????(Milwaukee Intermodal Station)? ????. ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??????, ??? ?? ????? ? ? ??. ????? ??? ?? 7? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????. ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????, ???? ????? ????.

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???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????, NBA ??? ??? ??? ??.

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USS ???

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↑ 《??? ?? ?????》〈???〉
↑ “Population and Housing Unit Estimates”. 2020? 5? 21?? ???.
↑ ?? ?????. “Census of Population and Housing”. August 22, 2014? ???.
↑ “Population Estimates”. ?? ?????. 2018? 6? 8?? ???.
↑ “Normals and Extremes for Milwaukee and Madison”. National Weather Service. 2017? 2? 23?? ???.
↑ “NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data”. ?? ?????. 2021? 5? 8?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2021? 5? 5?? ???.
↑ “Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020”. National Climatic Data Center. 2021? 5? 5?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2021? 5? 5?? ???.
↑ “WMO Climate Normals for MILWAUKEE/GEN. MITCHELL, WI 1961–1990”. ?? ?????. 2020? 7? 25?? ???.

???

?? ??

(??) ??? - ?? ????

[1] 《??? ?? ?????》〈???〉

[USCensusEst2019-2] “Population and Housing Unit Estimates”. 2020? 5? 21?? ???.

[3] ?? ?????. “Census of Population and Housing”. August 22, 2014? ???.

[2018_Pop_Estimate-4] “Population Estimates”. ?? ?????. 2018? 6? 8?? ???.

[NOAA-5] “Normals and Extremes for Milwaukee and Madison”. National Weather Service. 2017? 2? 23?? ???.

[NOWData_MKX-6] “NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data”. ?? ?????. 2021? 5? 8?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2021? 5? 5?? ???.

[NOAA_txt-7] “Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020”. National Climatic Data Center. 2021? 5? 5?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2021? 5? 5?? ???.

[NOAAsun-8] “WMO Climate Normals for MILWAUKEE/GEN. MITCHELL, WI 1961–1990”. ?? ?????. 2020? 7? 25?? ???.

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